Reading - Just the Basics
 

The Components of Reading

Learning to read is a sequential process. Because you can read effortlessly, it is easy to forget that reading is a skill that is made possible by several sub-skills, or components, working together. Each new skill builds on the mastery of previously learned skills. Each step in the process relates to one of the basic components of reading. Reading components are interrelated abilities that make up skilled reading.

Although there are many ways to divide the different components of reading, the National Institute for Literacy (NIFL) uses the following component areas:

  • Phonemic awareness
  • Word analysis - phonics
  • Word recognition - sight words
  • Reading rate
  • Fluency
  • Spelling
  • Background knowledge
  • Word meaning
  • Comprehension

Let's look at these basic components.
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